Montana Constitution Home
Article III
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General Government
Section 1. Separation of powers. The
power of the government of this state is divided into three distinct
branches--legislative, executive, and judicial. No person or persons
charged with the exercise of power properly belonging to one branch
shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others,
except as in this constitution expressly directed or permitted.
Section 2. Continuity of government.
The seat of government shall be in Helena, except during periods of
emergency resulting from disasters or enemy attack. The legislature
may enact laws to insure the continuity of government during a
period of emergency without regard for other provisions of the
constitution. They shall be effective only during the period of
emergency that affects a particular office or governmental
operation.
Section 3. Oath of office. Members of
the legislature and all executive, ministerial and judicial
officers, shall take and subscribe the following oath or
affirmation, before they enter upon the duties of their offices: "I
do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support, protect and
defend the constitution of the United States, and the constitution
of the state of Montana, and that I will discharge the duties of my
office with fidelity (so help me God)." No other oath, declaration,
or test shall be required as a qualification for any office or
public trust.
Section 4. Initiative. (1) The people
may enact laws by initiative on all matters except appropriations of
money and local or special laws.
(2) Initiative petitions must contain the full text of the proposed
measure, shall be signed by at least five percent of the qualified
electors in each of at least one-half of the counties and the total
number of signers must be at least five percent of the total
qualified electors of the state. Petitions shall be filed with the
secretary of state at least three months prior to the election at
which the measure will be voted upon.
(3) The sufficiency of the initiative petition shall not be
questioned after the election is held.
History: Amd. Const. Amend. No. 38, approved Nov. 5, 2002.
Section 5. Referendum. (1) The people
may approve or reject by referendum any act of the legislature
except an appropriation of money. A referendum shall be held either
upon order by the legislature or upon petition signed by at least
five percent of the qualified electors in each of at least one-third
of the legislative representative districts. The total number of
signers must be at least five percent of the qualified electors of
the state. A referendum petition shall be filed with the secretary
of state no later than six months after adjournment of the
legislature which passed the act.
(2) An act referred to the people is in effect until suspended by
petitions signed by at least 15 percent of the qualified electors in
a majority of the legislative representative districts. If so
suspended the act shall become operative only after it is approved
at an election, the result of which has been determined and declared
as provided by law.
Section 6. Elections. The people
shall vote on initiative and referendum measures at the general
election unless the legislature orders a special election.
Section 7. Number of electors. (1)
The number of qualified electors required in each legislative
representative district and in the state shall be determined by the
number of votes cast for the office of governor in the preceding
general election.
(2) For the purposes of a constitutional amendment, the number of
qualified electors in each county and in the state shall be
determined by the number of votes cast for the office of governor in
the preceding general election.
(3) For the purposes of a statutory initiative, the number of
qualified electors required in each county and in the state shall be
determined by the number of votes cast for the office of governor in
the preceding general election.
History: Amd. Const. Amend. No. 37, approved Nov. 5, 2002; amd.
Const. Amend. No. 38, approved Nov. 5, 2002.
Section 8. Prohibition. The
provisions of this Article do not apply to CONSTITUTIONAL REVISION,
Article XIV.
Section 9. Gambling. All forms of
gambling, lotteries, and gift enterprises are prohibited unless
authorized by acts of the legislature or by the people through
initiative or referendum.
Go to
Article IV
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Suffrage and Elections
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